De Douglas Boston – snelheid op lage hoogte

De Douglas A-20 Havoc, in Britse dienst beter bekend als de Boston, was geen zware bommenwerper zoals de Lancaster. Het toestel had een andere taak. Lager, sneller, directer. Waar de grote bommenwerpers ’s nachts in formaties vlogen, kwam de Boston vaak alleen of in kleine groepen, laag over het landschap, recht op het doel af.

Een ander soort missie

De Boston werd ingezet voor precisieaanvallen. Vliegvelden, locomotieven, schepen, installaties langs de kust – doelen die snel geraakt moesten worden en waar verrassing belangrijker was dan massa. De bemanning bestond meestal uit drie man: piloot, waarnemer/bommenrichter en schutter. Iedereen had zijn rol, maar alles draaide om timing.

De aanvallen gebeurden vaak op lage hoogte. Dat maakte het werk gevaarlijk. Niet alleen door vijandelijk vuur, maar ook door het vliegen zelf. Een paar meter te laag, een fractie te laat reageren, en het landschap werd genadeloos. De Boston vroeg om precisie, maar gaf ook iets terug: snelheid en wendbaarheid. Het toestel kon binnenkomen, toeslaan en weer verdwijnen voordat de verdediging goed op gang kwam.

De man in de cockpit

Stel je het moment voor. De motoren draaien strak, het toestel ligt laag boven het water of het land. Voorin zie je het doel al liggen. Geen tijd voor twijfel. Alles is voorbereid, alles is afgesproken. De bommenrichter roept de laatste aanwijzingen. Dan dat ene moment waarop alles samenkomt – snelheid, hoogte, richting. De bommen vallen. Even later trek je het toestel omhoog, weg van het doel, terwijl achter je het resultaat zichtbaar wordt.

De Boston in de oorlog

De Boston werd vanaf 1941 door de RAF ingezet, vooral binnen No. 2 Group. Het toestel bleek bijzonder geschikt voor tactische operaties in Europa. Niet groots en massaal, maar precies en doelgericht. Veel van deze missies verdwenen in de schaduw van de grote bombardementen, maar ze waren essentieel in het verstoren van de vijandelijke infrastructuur.

Terugblik

De Boston is geen icoon zoals de Lancaster of de Spitfire. Maar juist in dat stille werk zit zijn betekenis. Het toestel vertegenwoordigt de missies die snel moesten, precies moesten, en vaak zonder veel aandacht werden uitgevoerd. Voor de bemanningen was het geen bijzaak. Voor hen was het alles.

En misschien is dat wel de kern: niet elk verhaal in de oorlog is groot. Sommige verhalen vliegen laag, snel, en verdwijnen weer – maar laten toch hun sporen achter.

NaamDatumRAF StationIncident
Flight Lieutenant D Adams1942-08-29AttlebridgeCrashed at Duinhoek Belgium
Sergeant Adams1942-04-01Great MassinghamDitched in Channel off Dover KENT
Pilot Officer F A Allen1942-08-27Great MassinghamDitched ?
Pilot Officer F E Allen1942-08-01Great MassinghamCrashed Breskens Holland
Pilot Officer Allen1942-04-30Great MassinghamSeverely damaged by flak
Pilot Officer R W Andrew1942-09-22Swanton Morley?
Pilot Officer F H A Ashford1942-04-17Great MassinghamCrashed near Cherbourg
Sergeant Attwood1942-03-26Great MassinghamWrecked trying to land at Thorney Island airfield SUSSEX
Sergeant E R Baird1942-04-25Swanton MorleyCrashed in the Channel
Flying Officer W Barford1942-11-07Great MassinghamCrashed at Wevelgem Belgium
Sergeant Barker1942-03-26Great MassinghamWrecked trying to land at Thorney Island airfield SUSSEX
Sergeant R A Barnes1942-12-06Great MassinghamCrashed off Holland
Squadron Leader P R Barr1942-11-07Great MassinghamCrashed at Wevelgem Belgium
Sergeant G G M Battison1942-11-10Great MassinghamCollided with last and crashed
Sergeant G G M Battison1942-04-01Great MassinghamCrashed at base on return
Warrant Officer Class 2 C A Beach1942-08-19Attlebridge?
Pilot Officer J W Beck1942-12-06Great MassinghamCrashed off coast of Holland
Sergeant J Bell1942-11-10Great MassinghamCrashed target area
Sergeant B Bernstein1942-08-01Great MassinghamDitched ?
Sergeant B Bernstein1942-06-04Great MassinghamHit by flak, ditched off Kent coast
Sergeant G S G Black1942-04-27Great MassinghamShot down in target area
Aircraftman 1st Class E J Bone1942-10-31Exploded Oulton airfield NORFOLK
Pilot Officer L D Bowman1942-06-10Exeter?
Sergeant E Bradley1942-11-01OultonCrashed near St Omer
Sergeant Brady1942-04-01Great MassinghamDitched in Channel off Dover KENT
Sergeant Brady1942-03-26Great MassinghamWrecked trying to land at Thorney Island airfield SUSSEX
Aircraftman 2nd Class H Bramham1942-10-31Exploded Oulton airfield NORFOLK
Flight Sergeant S H Bridge1942-02-19Great MassinghamCrashed SE of Flitcham Abbey NORFOLK
Pilot Officer L K Brownson1942-08-19Thruston?
Sergeant W E Burns1942-08-04Crashed near Gt Whittington NORTHUMBERLAND
Wing Commander V S Butler1942-03-08Swanton MorleyExploded during emergency landing
Sergeant ButlerGreat MassinghamCrashed at Rougham NFK
Pilot Officer G Campbell1942-09-30Overshot near Oultona NORFOLK
Sergeant K N Carpenter1942-04-27Great MassinghamShot down in target area
Flying Officer H F Collings1942-10-31Great MassinghamCrashed Belgium
Flight Sergeant J R Collins1942-07-28Great MassinghamCrashed at Egmond-aan-de-Hoef
Sergeant M A Collins1942-09-22Swanton Morley?
Sergeant L J Colls1942-03-26AttlebridgeBroke up over target area
Flight Sergeant J F Connolly1942-04-12Great MassinghamDitched in channel
Pilot Officer G P Corah1942-08-01Great MassinghamCrashed Breskens Holland
Pilot Officer R J Corrigan1942-08-19ThrustonCrashed in sea
Flight Sergeant R M E Crofton1942-09-28Crashed hitting several houses
Sergeant R C Darnell1942-04-25Swanton MorleyCrashed in the Channel
Pilot Officer W R N Davidson1942-11-10Great MassinghamCollided with last and crashed
Pilot Officer T E Davies1942-04-12Crashed near Hemswell YRKS
Warrant Officer W G Davies1942-06-04Great MassinghamHit by flak, returned to base
Sergeant E H Dean1942-03-17Crashed at Weston Longville NFK
Sergeant E H Dean1942-07-28Attleborough?
Pilot Officer H F Deck1942-07-26Swanton MorleyCrashed at Langeoog
Sergeant T J Delaney1942-04-12Great MassinghamDitched in channel
Sergeant M A H Demont1942-08-19Swanton Morley?
Sergeant M A H Demont1942-09-22Swanton Morley?
Flight Sergeant Denvant1942-08-22Swanton MorleyCrashed Middelkerke
Sergeant E Dixon1942-04-25Great MassinghamHit by flak
Sergeant C F Docherty1942-04-12Great MassinghamDitched in channel
Flight Sergeant W S Dossett1942-06-04Great MassinghamHit by flak, returned to base
Leading Aircraftman D M Dovey1942-09-30Overshot near Oultona NORFOLK
Lieutenant M Draper1942-07-04Swanton MorleyCrashed in target area
Sergeant S Duckworth1942-07-26Swanton MorleyCrashed at Langeoog
Flight Sergeant L G Dunkling1942-08-29AttlebridgeCrashed at Duinhoek Belgium
Wing Commander P H Dutton1942-12-06Great MassinghamCrashed off Dutch coast
Sergeant K McK Elkins1942-03-26AttlebridgeBroke up over target area
Sergeant T W Elliott1942-03-26AttlebridgeBaled out over Channel
Aircraftman 2nd Class A C Emery1942-10-31Exploded Oulton airfield NORFOLK
Sergeant J W Fenton1942-11-10Great MassinghamCollided with last and crashed
Pilot Officer J L Fletcher1942-12-06Swanton MorleyCrashed off Scheveningen
Sergeant R Foster1942-06-04Great MassinghamHit by flak, ditched off Kent coast
Aircraftman 2nd Class K F Fowler1942-10-31Exploded Oulton airfield NORFOLK
Sergeant W V Frame1942-03-26AttlebridgeBaled out over Channel
Sergeant R Gallup1942-12-06OultonCrash landed Carlton Colville SFK
Sergeant J W Ganes1942-07-28Attleborough?
Sergeant A D Gardiner1942-04-17Great MassinghamCrashed near Cherbourg
Pilot Officer W R Gellatly1942-08-19Thruston?
Pilot Officer W R Gellatly1942-08-19Swanyon Morley?
Sergeant A F Goff1942-11-10Great MassinghamCrashed target area
Lieutenant B S Grant1942-07-04Swanton MorleyBroke up in air N of Bergen ann Zee Holland
Sergeant Grant1942-05-30Crash landed at Horsham St Faiths
Pilot Officer F A Grills1942-04-17Great MassinghamCrashed near Cherbourg
Squadron Leader Gunning1942-08-16Swanton Morley?
Leading Aircraftman L Hale1942-04-12Crashed near Hemswell YRKS
Flying Officer W N Hale1942-09-24Crash landed at W Raynham NFK
Pilot Officer F C Hammond1942-11-13Great Massingham?
Sergeant D Handford1942-04-27Swanton MorleyCrash landed SW of Oostende
Sergeant R J Hathaway1942-12-06Great MassinghamCrashed on return to base
Sergeant A S Hatton1942-04-12Great MassinghamDitched in channel
Squadron Leader R G Hawkins1942-09-28Crashed hitting several houses
Squadron Leader Hawkins1942-08-16Swanton Morley?
Pilot Officer C M Henning1942-07-04Swanton MorleyCrashed in sea W of Callantsoog Holland
Sergeant D F J Hinde1942-03-17Crashed at Weston Longville NFK
Sergeant D F J Hinds1942-08-19Attlebridge?
Flight Sergeant R J Holloway1942-04-12Crashed near Hemswell YRKS
Flight Lieutenant H J Houghton1942-06-04Great MassinghamHit by flak, returned to base
Pilot Officer K H Houghton1942-08-19Thruston?
Flying Officer D K Hulme1942-11-01OultonCrashed near St Omer
Flight Lieutenant P Jacobs1942-07-19AttlebridgeCrash landed in field known as the Esplanade at Lille
Flight Sergeant M G Johnson1942-07-19Swanton Morley?
Flying Officer W A Keech1942-04-27Swanton MorleyCrash landed SW of Oostende
Corporal C P Kramerewicz1942-07-04Swanton MorleyBroke up in air N of Bergen ann Zee Holland
Sergeant A Law1942-08-19ThrustonCrash landed at Middle Wallop
Sergeant G F Lawman1942-07-19AttlebridgeCrash landed in field known as the Esplanade at Lille
Sergeant E Leaver1942-08-19Thruston?
Sergeant W J Leslie1942-12-06Great MassinghamCrashed on return to base
Pilot Officer A A H Lindley1942-08-01Great MassinghamCrashed Breskens Holland
Sergeant G Littlejohn1942-08-27Great MassinghamDitched ?
Pilot Officer A E Lockwood1942-04-01Great MassinghamCrashed at base on return
Lieutenant F A Loehrl1942-07-04Swanton MorleyCrashed in target area
Flying Officer J A Logan1942-11-10Great MassinghamCollided with last and crashed
Lieutenant W G Lynn1942-07-04Swanton MorleyBroke up in air N of Bergen ann Zee Holland
Squadron Leader M R MacClancy1942-04-12Crashed near Hemswell YRKS
Squadron Leader G R Magill1942-08-19Swanton Morley?
Flight Lieutenant J G A Maguire1942-12-06Swanton MorleyCrashed off Scheveningen
Sergeant G Mann1942-06-04Great MassinghamHit by flak, ditched off Kent coast
Flight Sergeant A A Margrett1942-06-10Exeter?
Flying Officer R D Marks1942-08-19Thruston?
Pilot Officer T K Matthews1942-01-29Overshot at Long Kesh on return
Pilot Officer T K Matthews1942-07-28Attleborough?
Sergeant C A Maw1942-12-06Great MassinghamCrashed off Holland
Flight Lieutenant R W McCarthy1942-12-06Great MassinghamCrashed off Dutch coast
Sergeant C McCreedy1942-11-13Great Massingham?
Sergeant H McManus1942-11-10Great MassinghamCrashed target area
Lieutenant C R Mente1942-07-01Crashed at Molesworth NORTHANTS
Pilot Officer H J Milford1942-09-22Swanton Morley?
Flight Sergeant J H Millns1942-08-29AttlebridgeCrashed at Duinhoek Belgium
Sergeant Mork1942-04-01Great MassinghamCrashed at base on return
Sergeant J Morris1942-04-25Swanton MorleyCrashed in the Channel
Sergeant A Moth1942-08-19ThrustonCrashed in sea
Sergeant S W Nash1942-10-31Great MassinghamCrashed Belgium
Flying Officer H Neal1942-04-01Great MassinghamDitched in Channel off Dover KENT
Sergeant R E Neathway1942-04-25Great MassinghamHit by flak
Sergeant G A Nicholls1942-09-22Swanton Morley?
Flight Sergeant G E T Nichols1942-12-06Great MassinghamCrashed on return to base
Flying Officer A K C Niner1942-07-19AttlebridgeCrash landed in field known as the Esplanade at Lille
Sergeant L H R Osborne1942-12-06Great MassinghamCrashed on return to base
Flight Sergeant W Osselton1942-08-19ThrustonCrashed in sea
Sergeant L E C Oxley1942-07-26Swanton MorleyCrashed at Langeoog
Leading Aircraftman F Packard1942-10-31Exploded Oulton airfield NORFOLK
Sergeant R Parsons1942-08-19ThrustonCrash landed at Middle Wallop
Pilot Officer W E Pasterfield1942-04-25Swanton MorleyCrashed in the Channel
Flying Officer N J A Paton1942-12-06Swanton MorleyCrashed off Scheveningen
Sergeant J E Percival1942-07-28Great MassinghamCrashed at Egmond-aan-de-Hoef
Flight Sergeant N S H Phillips1942-11-07Great MassinghamCrashed at Wevelgem Belgium
Sergeant W Phillips1942-04-27Swanton MorleyCrash landed SW of Oostende
Sergeant F R Pickering1942-10-31Great MassinghamCrashed Belgium
Sergeant T F P Poole1942-02-19Great MassinghamCrashed SE of Flitcham Abbey NORFOLK
Sergeant T F P Poole1942-04-19Great MassinghamCrashed at Flitcham NFK
Sergeant R M Porter1942-03-26AttlebridgeBroke up over target area
Sergeant A Prince1942-06-10Exeter?
Sergeant B F Quinn1942-08-01Great MassinghamDitched ?
Flying Officer D R Redbourn1942-12-06Great MassinghamCrashed off coast of Holland
Sergeant G Rees1942-01-29Overshot at Long Kesh on return
Warrant Officer A J Reid1942-12-06Great MassinghamCrashed off coast of Holland
Flight Sergeant G T Relph1942-08-27Great MassinghamDitched ?
Sergeant S G Richardson1942-04-25Great MassinghamHit by flak
Flight Sergeant S H Ridge1942-04-19Great MassinghamCrashed at Flitcham NFK
Flying Officer Riseley1942-08-16Swanton Morley?
Flying Officer W J Robertson1942-03-08Swanton MorleyExploded during emergency landing
Pilot Officer D Rogers1942-07-28Attleborough?
Flight Sergeant R A Russell1942-07-28Great MassinghamCrashed at Egmond-aan-de-Hoef
Sergeant Russell1942-04-30Great MassinghamSeverely damaged by flak
Pilot Officer V M Salmon1942-07-26Swanton MorleyCrashed at Langeoog
Flying Officer B M Sayers1942-03-08Swanton MorleyExploded during emergency landing
Sergeant S H Schofield1942-07-28Great MassinghamCrashed at Egmond-aan-de-Hoef
Sergeant J L Senior1942-08-19Attlebridge?
Flight Lieutenant N H Shepherd1942-12-06Great MassinghamCrashed off Dutch coast
Pilot Officer L J Skinner1942-08-01Great MassinghamDitched ?
Pilot Officer L J Skinner1942-06-04Great MassinghamHit by flak, ditched off Kent coast
Pilot Officer T B Skinner1942-06-10Exeter?
Flying Officer Smith1942-08-16Swanton Morley?
Pilot Officer E S Sniders1942-03-17Crashed at Weston Longville NFK
Flight Sergeant W J A Spriggs1942-12-06Great MassinghamCrashed off coast of Holland
Pilot Officer F G Starkie1942-08-19Thruston?
Pilot Officer L S Stewart1942-07-19Swanton Morley?
Flight Sergeant K E Stilborn1942-11-13Great Massingham?
Captain S F Strachen1942-07-01Crashed at Molesworth NORTHANTS
Sergeant I Stuart1942-12-06OultonCrash landed Carlton Colville SFK
Flying Officer K N Symons1942-04-25Great MassinghamHit by flak
Sergeant R Tebbut1942-10-31Great MassinghamCrashed Belgium
Sergeant T R Thompson1942-08-04Swanton MorleyCrashed just off airfield
Sergeant F C Thorogood1942-07-19Swanton Morley?
Sergeant H Y Torr1942-11-10Great MassinghamCrashed target area
Leading Aircraftman A Torrance1942-10-31Exploded Oulton airfield NORFOLK
Sergeant G Tough1942-11-13Great Massingham?
Pilot Officer T Trotter1942-11-07Great MassinghamCrashed at Wevelgem Belgium
Sergeant TurlGreat MassinghamCrashed at Rougham NFK
Sergeant F C Twidell1942-08-27Great MassinghamDitched ?
Sergeant Twidell1942-04-30Great MassinghamSeverely damaged by flak
Sergeant C Tyler1942-12-06OultonCrash landed Carlton Colville SFK
Pilot Officer P J Voyzey1942-07-04Swanton MorleyCrashed in sea W of Callantsoog Holland
Sergeant W E R Wareham1942-09-22Swanton Morley?
Pilot Officer K A T Warwood1942-08-19Thruston?
Pilot Officer L J Waters1942-08-19Thruston?
Flight Sergeant Webb1942-08-04Swanton MorleyCrashed just off airfield
Sergeant WhettonGreat MassinghamCrashed at Rougham NFK
Sergeant R L Whitham1942-07-04Swanton MorleyCrashed in target area
Sergeant J B Wicks1942-08-19ThrustonCrash landed at Middle Wallop
Flight Sergeant Wilde1942-04-30Great MassinghamSeverely damaged by flak
Sergeant L C Willey1942-11-01OultonCrashed near St Omer
Sergeant J F Williams1942-04-27Great MassinghamShot down in target area
Sergeant M K Williams1942-07-04Swanton MorleyBroke up in air N of Bergen ann Zee Holland
Sergeant H T Willig1942-07-04Swanton MorleyCrashed in sea W of Callantsoog Holland
Sergeant C C Wilson1942-02-19Great MassinghamCrashed SE of Flitcham Abbey NORFOLK
Sergeant C C Wilson1942-04-19Great MassinghamCrashed at Flitcham NFK
Flight Sergeant H E Wilson1942-12-06Great MassinghamCrashed off Holland
Flight Sergeant P S Woolston1942-08-19Attlebridge?
Sergeant W D Wren1942-03-26AttlebridgeCrash landed Tangmere
Sergeant J W Wright1942-07-04Swanton MorleyCrashed in target area
Flight Lieutenant R A Yates-Earl1942-08-19Thruston?
Sergeant J S Birkett1943-05-05Crashed near Lakenheath SFK
Flying Officer, The Hon R L G Bowyer1943-01-29Swanton MorleyCrashed off French Coast
Sergeant A S Brady1943-05-15Great MassinghamCrash landed West Malling KENT
Flight Sergeant W A Brown1943-02-11West RaynhamBaled out crashed NW Etten Holland
Flight Sergeant W J Bryan1943-02-01Crashed off East Anglian coast
Sergeant W E Burns1943-02-11West RaynhamBaled out crashed NW Etten Holland
Flight Sergeant R Butler1943-05-03Great MassinghamCrashed in sea West of target
Sous Chief L Cohen1943-05-22Crashed Rougham NORFOLK
Sub-Lieutenant (A) Cooper1943-05-05Crashed near Lakenheath SFK
Sergeant G Currah1943-01-29Swanton MorleyCrashed off French Coast
Lieutenant, Count G A A de Gramont1943-04-10Crashed Gt Massingham NORFOLK
C/C C A Deserteaux1943-05-22Crashed Rougham NORFOLK
Pilot Officer F H Dinnage1943-02-01Crashed off East Anglian coast
Pilot Officer R H A Evans1943-01-25Swanton MorleyCrashed target area
Sergeant R A Fretwell1943-02-03Swanton MorleyCrashed almost at once
Flying Officer C C A Fuchs1943-03-12Crashed at Burtonwood Airfield
Sergeant A McD Gardiner1943-05-05Crashed near Lakenheath SFK
Flying Officer H H Gauntlett1943-05-03Great MassinghamCrashed in sea West of IJmuiden
Flying Officer A J Ginns1943-01-28Crashed near Oulton NORFOLK
Flying Officer H P Hall1943-03-12Crashed at Burtonwood Airfield
Flight Sergeant F S Harrop1943-05-03Great MassinghamCrashed in sea West of target
Pilot Officer R R S Jaquinot1943-05-22Crashed Rougham NORFOLK
Sergeant P Julyans1943-02-03Swanton MorleyCrashed almost at once
Lieutenant Le Bivic1943-05-22Crashed Rougham NORFOLK
Flying Officer L G Littell1943-02-01Crashed off East Anglian coast
Sergeant C A McNair1943-02-11West RaynhamBaled out crashed NW Etten Holland
Sergeant S E Millbank1943-05-15Great MassinghamCrash landed West Malling KENT
Sergeant R Morton1943-01-29Swanton MorleyCrashed off French Coast
Sergeant A S Oakes1943-01-25Swanton MorleyCrashed target area
Lieutenant (A) Robinson1943-05-05Crashed near Lakenheath SFK
Sergeant S J Roche1943-02-03Swanton MorleyCrashed almost at once
Sergeant D J Searle1943-02-11West RaynhamBaled out crashed NW Etten Holland
Sergeant W S Simms1943-02-03Swanton MorleyCrashed almost at once
Sergeant D D H Skipp1943-05-15Great MassinghamCrash landed West Malling KENT
Flying Officer C S Thomas1943-01-29Swanton MorleyCrashed off French Coast
Sergeant D J D Thomas1943-01-25Swanton MorleyCrashed target area
Sergeant W C Truxler1943-05-15Great MassinghamCrash landed West Malling KENT
Sergeant A G Wilson1943-01-25Swanton MorleyCrashed target area
NaamDatumRAF StationIncident
NaamDatumRAF StationIncident
Sergeant D R Smart1941-09-21Crashed landing at Attlebridge, Norfolk